MindSay
<b>Concluding 2 of 2 Parts: "How Albert Einstein (1879-1955) Changed the Way We See the Universe," by Franklin and Betty J.
Parker, bfparker@frontiernet.net
Review of Walter Isaacson's Einstein, His Life and Universe, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2007, and related sources, given March 17, 2008, Uplands Retirement Village. Pleasant Hill, TN.</b>
<b>58. Einstein first met at the First Solvay Science Conference, Brussels, Belgium, Oct. 1911, such world renown scientists as France's Marie Curie, French mathematician Jules Henri Poincaré (1854-1912), Germany's Max Planck, New Zealand born Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937), and Dutch physicist Henrik A. Lorentz (1853-1928).</b>
<b>Of Einstein's relativity theory Planck wrote: "If Einstein's theory should prove to be correct, as I expect it will, he will be considered the Copernicus of the twentieth century." Source: Aczel, p. 27.</b>
<b>Asked to evaluate Einstein as possible Zurich Polytechnic physics professor, Marie Curie wrote: "I much admire the work which Einstein has published…and think…his work as being in the first rank."</b>
<b>In this same connection J.H. Poincaré wrote of Albert: "The future will show more and more, the worth of Einstein, and the university which is able to capture this young master is certain of gaining much honour from the operation." White & Gribble, p. 109 and Isaacson, pp.168-171.</b>
<b>59. In Berlin during 1914-33 Einstein was also a member of the Prussian Academy of Science and directed research at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. For many entries on "Einstein, University of Berlin,"
see:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Einstein%2C+University+of+Berlin&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234
</b>
<b>60. For Einstein's "living conditions" instructions to his first wife Mileva Maric and of his affairs with other women,
see: http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/einstein/life/family.php</b>
<b>61. Elsa Einstein married textile trader Max Lowenthal (1864-1914) in 1896 and divorced him in 1908. For Elsa Einstein biography, see: http://www.einstein-website.de/biographies/einsteinelsa.html</b>
<b>62. An abortive attempt was made to photo-test a summer 1914 eclipse for Einstein best seen in the Crimea, Russia by Berlin's Royal Prussian Observatory assistant Erwin Freundlich (1885-1964). Freundlich got to the Crimea with photo equipment just as World War I erupted, was captured as a spy, and was luckily released in an exchange of prisoners. This failed attempt strangely helped Albert for he had made a mistake in math so that his degrees of arc of bent-light was slightly off. Had this abortive photo expedition been successful his General Relativity Theory might have been discredited. See: Isaacson, index under Freundlich, Erwin Finlay.</b>
<b>63. Because of WW I communications disruption Einstein sent his 1915 General Relativity paper to University of Leyden (Netherlands) astronomy Prof. Willem de Sitter (1872-1935), who forwarded it via Finland to England's Cambridge University astronomer Arthur Stanley Eddington (1882-1944). Eddington, soon a convinced relativity believer, helped prove Einstein's General Relativity theory true in a 1919 eclipse, resulting in Einstein's near-instant world fame. Source: Clark, pp. 208-09f. For "Einstein, Eddington" entries,
see:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Einstein%2C+Eddington&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234
</b>
<b>64. For entries on the startling results of "Einstein, 1919 eclipse,"
see: Bodanis interview in:
http://www.panmacmillan.com/interviews/displayPage.asp?PageID=3365
and:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Einstein%2C+1919+eclipse&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234
</b>
<b>65. <i>Ibid</i>., for headline news coverage of "Einstein, 1919 eclipse."</b>
<b>66. Nominated annually since 1910 for the Nobel Prize for Physics, Einstein's selection was bypassed because the selection committee thought his relativity theories might be wrong and by anti-Jewish prejudice, led by former (1905) Nobel Physics Prize winner Philipp A. Lenard (1862-1947), a virulent anti-Semite and later dedicated Nazi.</b>
<b>Einstein's Nobel Prize selection was also delayed after 1919 photo eclipse proof of his relativity theory because it contradicted over 200 years of Newtonian physics. No physics prize was given in 1921, allowing the committee to compromise, giving the 1922 prize to Danish physicist Niels H.D. Bohr (1885-1962) and the 1921 prize to Einstein, not for his still controversial relativity theories, but for his practical 1905 photoelectric effect theory.</b>
<b>knowing that Einstein planned a lecture tour in Japan, University of Berlin friend Max von Laue alerted Einstein about a special honor in December 1922 but Einstein, annoyed at the long delay and showing indifference, went on to Japan.</b>
<b>Diplomats had to sort out the protocol problem: German ambassador to Sweden Rudolf Nadolny accepted the Nobel Prize for Einstein, the Swedish ambassador to Germany handed Einstein the Nobel medal on his return to Japan, and Einstein, ignoring the fact that he had been awarded the prize for his photo electric effect theory, instead gave his Nobel speech, July 1923 on relativity. Sources: White & Gribbin, pp. 100, 125, 165-166, 179-180. Fox &Keck, pp. 190-195.</b>
<b>For entries on "Einstein, Nobel Prize for Physics for 1921" and for "Einstein, Rudolf Nadolny,"
see:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Einstein%2C+Rudolf+Nadolny&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234
and:
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234&q=Einstein%2C+Noble+Prize+in+Physics+for+1921&btnG=Search
</b>
<b>67. For entries on "Einstein, Atom Bomb,
see:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Einstein%2C+atom+bomb&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234
</b>
<b>68. For key Einstein events in the U.S., 1933-55, 22 years:</b>
<b>(1) Einstein's first U.S. visit, April 2-May 30, 1921, with Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann (1874-1952, Russian-born, British subject) to raise funds for what is now Hebrew University of Jerusalem (which still benefits from owning his papers and has commercial copyright use of his name). Einstein was given a hero's welcome in NYC and lectured in Washington, D.C. and Cleveland, Ohio.</b>
<b>(2) He returned to the U.S. briefly in 1931 to lecture at California Institute of Technology (Caltech), visited Hollywood, CA, where he was cheered as a rock star when he appeared with Charlie Chaplin (1889-1977) at the opening of Chaplin's City Lights film. When Einstein asked what the cheering meant, Chaplin replied: they cheer me because they all understand me; they cheer you because no one understands you. For entries for "Einstein, Millikan, Caltech,
see:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Einstein%2C+Millikan%2C+Caltech&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234</b>
<b>(3) Why Einstein worked at the Institute of Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, 1933 to his death in 1955, 22 years: About 1929 wealthy Newark, NJ, department store owner Louis Bamberger (1855-1944) and his sister Caroline née Bamberger Fuld asked educator and philanthropic foundation executive Abraham Flexner's (1866-1959) advice on the best use of a $5 million philanthropic gift.</b>
<b>Flexner urged them to create an Institute for Advanced Study where eminent scholars free from lecturing and other duties could explore new knowledge. The idea was modeled on Kaiser Wilhelm II Institutes some 20 years earlier (Einstein headed the one in Berlin during 1917-33). Practical results from these research institutes helped make Germany a world leader in industries related to chemistry and science.</b>
<b>Flexner, who would later site his Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, NJ (near but independent of Princeton University), was in Pasadena, CA, early 1932, to confer with California Institute of California (Caltech) chief scientist Robert Millikan (1868-1953) about recruiting European and U.S. scientists. Millikan told Flexner to speak to Einstein then at Caltech.</b>
<b>Einstein, then on his second annual short term Caltech lecturing visit (during 1931, 1932, 1933), became interested in Flexner's Institute for Advanced Study. They talked again in Oxford, England, late spring, 1932; and again two months later at Einstein's summer home in Carputh near Berlin. Einstein agreed to join the Institute for Advanced Study initially for 6 months.</b>
<b>In December 1932, to escape Hitler's holocaust (Hitler became Chancellor of Germany Jan. 30 1933), Einstein fled Germany to work at the Institute for Advance Study, Princeton, NJ. He lived nearby at 112 Mercer Street, became a U.S. citizen (while retaining Swiss citizenship) on Oct. 30, 1940, and died in 1955.</b>
<b>For entries on "Einstein, Flexner,"see:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Einstein%2C+Flexner&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234
</b>
<b>For Franklin & Betty Parker, "Abraham and Simon Flexner, Medical Education Reformers," access any one of the following 3 blogs:
http://bfparker.sulekha.com/blog/post/2007/06/abraham-and-simon-flexner-medical-education-reformers.htm
(or): http://bfparker.mindsay.com/abraham_and_simon_flexner_medical_education_reformersby_franklinbetty_parker.mws
(or): http://bfparker.shoutpost.com/archives/2007/June</b>
<b>(4) Einstein's Aug. 2, 1939 letter to Pres. F.D. Roosevelt warning of Nazi's atom bomb progress: Einstein in Princeton, N.J., first heard in late 1938 from Danish physicist Niels Bohr (1885-1962) that German scientists were nearing success in splitting the uranium atom and making a bomb of unimaginable destruction.</b>
<b>This information was confirmed to Einstein in mid July 1939 while on vacation in long Island, NY, by visiting Jewish physicist Leo Szilard (1898-1964), who had also fled Nazi Germany to the U.S. Szilard and another physicist drafted and prevailed on Einstein to sign a letter to Pres. Roosevelt, Aug. 2, 1939, warning him of the danger</b>
<b>The letter and attending reports on it languished in U.S. bureaucratic files until Pearl Harbor when British intelligence, which knew of the danger, pressured the U.S. military to create the secret Manhattan Project leading to the U.S. atom bombs dropped on Japan that ended WW II.</b>
<b>See footnote 67 for entries on "Einstein, Atom Bomb." See indexes under "Roosevelt, Franklin" in Overbye, Fox & Keck (especially pp. 9-14), White & Gribbon, Clark, Hoffmann, Isaacson. For entries on "Einstein, Roosevelt,"
see:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Einstein%2C+Roosevelt&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234
</b>
<b>Best Albert Einstein Internet Sources</b>
<b>1. "Albert Einstein, 1879-1955." Library of Congress, many entries on 10 pp.:
http://search.loc.gov:8765/query.html?col=loc&qt=Alfred+Einstein&qp=url%3A%2Frr%2F+url%3A%2Fcfbook%2Furl%3A%2Fpoetry%2F+url%3A%2Ffolklife%2F&submit.x=13&submit.y=13</b>
<b>2. Albert Einstein, 1879-1955." 39 clips of film stock footage libraries:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Albert+Einstein%2C+stock+film+footage&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234</b>
<b>3. World Year of Physics 2005: Einstein in the 21st Century:
Physics groups world-wide designated 2005 the "World Year of Physics, honoring the centennial of Einstein's 1905 "Year of Miracles" and the 50th year since his death in 1955. Over 400 world wide celebratory events were held including conferences, museum exhibits, webcasts, plays, poetry reading, and other events.
http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/12/opinion/12horgan.html
and
http://physics2005.org/international.html</b>
<b>4. Albert Einstein Quotes/Articles on God, Religion, Ethics and Science
http://atheism.about.com/od/einsteingodreligion/tp/EinsteinGodReligionScience.htm
and:
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=ISO-8859-1&q=Albert+Einstein%2C+God%2C+Religion%2C+Ethics&btnG=Google+Search
and
http://atheism.about.com/sitesearch.htm?terms=Albert%20Einstein&SUName=atheism&TopNode=2928&type=1
and:
http://www.stephenjaygould.org/ctrl/quotes_einstein.html</b>
<b>5. Albert Einstein Quotes (general): http://quotations.about.com/od/stillmorefamouspeople/a/AlbertEinstein2.htm</b>
<b>6. Albert Albert Quotes with sources and links to his life and contributions):
http://everything2.com/index.pl</b>
<b>7. Albert Einstein photographs:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Einstein%2C+photos&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234
</b>
<b>8. For Einstein books, articles, photos, and archival finding aids: http://www.aip.org/servlet/plainHistory?collection=HISTORY&queryText=Albert+Einstein&SEARCH+BUTTON.x=18&SEARCH+BUTTON.y=7</b>
<b>9. PBS (Public Broadcasting System, TV) entries on "Albert Einstein,"
see:
http://www.pbs.org/search/search_results.html?q=Albert+Einstein&btnG.x=10&btnG.y=7</b>
<b>10. Science writers on Albert Einstein:</b>
<b>(1): John Horgan, science writing program, Stevens Institute of Technology, NJ, articles on Einstein,
see:
http://www.google.com/search?q=John+Horgan%2C+Einstein&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234&aq=t
<b>(2): Books on Albert Einstein by Don Howard, History of Science, Notre Dame University,
see:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Don+Howard%2C+Einstein&sourcenavclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234
</b>
<b>(3): Lee Smolin, Theoretical Physics, Pennsylvania State University, articles, books on Einstein
see:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Lee+Smolin%2C+Einstein&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234
</b>
<b>(4): livescience.com <http://livescience.com has entries on Einstein, including "Will There Ever be Another Einstein?":
http://www.livescience.com/strangenews/ap_050418_einstein.html</b>
<b>11. For "Einstein, Federal Bureau of Investigation" massive report, see:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Einstein%2C+Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234
</b>
<b>12. For "Albert Einstein Timelines and Chronology," see:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Albert+Einstein+Timelines+and+Chronology&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234
</b>
<b>13. For About.com <http://About.com> search on "Albert Einstein," see:
http://search.about.com/fullsearch.htm?terms=Albert%20Einstein</b>
<b>14. For entries on "Albert Einstein death,"
see:
http://www.google.com/search?q=Einstein%2C+Marie+Winteler&sourceid=navclient-ff&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1B3GGGL_enUS233US234
</b>
<b>END OF REFERENCES. Email corrections, questions to: bfparker@frontiernet.net</b>
<b>About the Authors</b>
<b>1. For biographical account: "Betty & Franklin Parker Looking Back Since 1946,"
access: http://bfparker.blogster.com/betty_franklin_parker_looking.html
or: http://ourstory.com/story.html?v=10919
or: http://www.progressiveu.org/182455-betty-franklin-parker-looking-back-since-1946-57-years-of-a-good-idea-thanksgiving-2007-bfparker-frontiernet-net
or: http://bootlog.com/index.php?cat=travelogs&aut=bfparker
</b>
<b>2. For a list of 153 of authors' publications go to: http://www.worldcat.org
type in: Franklin Parker, 1921- and you should get the following URL:
http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Parker%2C+Franklin%2C+1921-%2C&=Search&qt=results_page
</b>
<b>3. To access free E-Book full contents of Franklin Parker, <i>George Peabody, A Biography</i>. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 1995 rev. edn., go to:
http://books.google.com/books?id=OPIbk-ZPnF4C&dq=franklin+parker&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=qxV3RqTk1k&sig=sXAmDL_CyCYd-Sl0n_IRl7g1S1I#PPP1,M1
or:
http://books.google.com/books?id=OPIbk-ZPnF4C&dq=franklin+parker&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=qxV3RqTk1k&sig=sXAmDL_CyCYd-Sl0n_IRl7g1S1I#PPP1,M1</b>
<b>E-mail corrections and comments to: bfparker@frontiernet.net END OF MANUSCRIPT</b>.
bfparker
2of2: Albert Einstein (1879-1955) Changed the Way We See the Universe," byF.&B.Parker
No replies - reply
Profile
Calendar
